THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF BULLYING ON CHILDREN OF STATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS 117497 SEI SIARTI VILLAGE, CENTRAL PANAI DISTRICT, LABUHANBATU REGENCY

Selamat Pasaribu

Abstract


ABSTRAK: Bullying merupakan fenomena yang mengkhawatirkan di lingkungan sekolah dasar Indonesia dan dapat menimbulkan dampak psikologis yang serius bagi korban. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi secara mendalam dampak psikologis bullying pada anak-anak di SD Negeri 117497 Desa Sei Siarti Kecamatan Panai Tengah Kabupaten Labuhanbatu. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi fenomenologi, melibatkan 8 siswa korban bullying kelas 4-6 sebagai partisipan utama, serta 6 guru dan 4 orang tua sebagai informan pendukung. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam semi-terstruktur, observasi partisipatif, dan analisis dokumen, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis tematik Braun dan Clarke. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bullying di lokasi penelitian didominasi oleh bullying verbal terkait perbedaan etnis, kondisi ekonomi, dan penampilan fisik. Dampak psikologis yang teridentifikasi meliputi gangguan emosional berupa kecemasan dan depresi, gangguan kognitif yang mempengaruhi prestasi akademik (penurunan 15-25%), perubahan perilaku sosial menuju isolasi diri, manifestasi gejala somatik seperti sakit kepala dan gangguan pencernaan, serta penurunan signifikan konsep diri dan harga diri. Anak-anak mengembangkan strategi coping yang sebagian besar bersifat maladaptif, termasuk avoidance dan dalam kasus ekstrem, pemikiran untuk menyakiti diri sendiri. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa bullying menimbulkan dampak psikologis yang komprehensif dan berpotensi mempengaruhi perkembangan jangka panjang anak jika tidak ditangani dengan intervensi yang tepat. Implikasi penelitian menekankan perlunya pengembangan program pencegahan dan penanganan bullying yang melibatkan seluruh ekosistem sekolah, termasuk pelatihan guru, layanan konseling, dan partisipasi aktif orang tua serta komunitas.

 

Keywords: Bullying, Dampak Psikologis, Sekolah Dasar, Kesehatan Mental Anak, Studi Fenomenologi.


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/niz.v15i1.4773

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